Ukuveliswa kwebhotile yeglasi kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi -ukusuka ekuyileni i-molsing ukwenza iglasi ye-molten kwimo elungileyo. Iingcali ezinobuchule zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye nobuchwephesha bokuziqeqesha ukuguqula izinto ezingafunekiyo kwiinqanawa zeglasi ye-pristine.
Iqala ngezithako.Izinto eziphambili zeglasi yi-silicon diokside (isanti), i-sodium carbonate (isoda i-ash), kunye ne-calcium oxide (i-limestone). Izimbiwa ezongeziweyo zixutywe ukuze zisebenzele iipropathi ezinjengokucaciswa, amandla, kunye nombala. Izinto ezingafunekiyo zilinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zidityaniswe kwi-batch ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe kwiziko.
Ngaphakathi kwiziko, amaqondo obushushu afikelela kuma-2500 ° F ukunyibilikisa umxube ube nolwelo oluvuthayo.Ukungcola kuyasuswa kwaye iglasi ithatha ukungangqinelani. Iglasi ye-molten ihamba ecaleni kweendlela ze-ceraramic kwi-Fereets kwi-Fehearhs apho ifikelela khona ngaphambi kokungena koomatshini bokwenza.
Iindlela zokwenza iibhotile ziquka ukuvuthuza-kunye nokuvuthuza, cinezela-kwaye ivuthuza, kunye ne-cinezela emxinwa.Ukuvuthuza-kunye nokuvuthuza, i-gob yeglasi ilahlekile kubumba obungenanto kwaye ifakwe ngumoya oxinzelelweyo nge-slowpropepe.
I-Parison ithatha imilo ngokuchasene neendonga zokubumba ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe kwisikhuselo sokugqibela sokudubula ide ihambelane ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngomdlalo wokucinezela, ukuvuthuza, i-paroison isenziwa ngokucinezela i-gob yeglasi kwi-gob ye-plan engenanto kunye ne-plunts kunokuba ivuthuze umoya. I-Semi-Wessed Deason emva koko ihamba nge-vesf yokugqibela. Intamo emxinwa-kunye nokubetha kuphela isebenzisa uxinzelelo lomoya ukwenza intamo yokugqitywa kwentamo. Umzimba wenziwe ngokucinezela.
Nje ukuba ikhutshwe kwi-Golds, iibhotile zeglasi zisebenza nge-thermal yokususa uxinzelelo kunye nokuthintela ukwaphuka.I-ovens ebonakalayo ngokuthe ngcembekuhlengaphezulu kweeyure okanye iintsuku. Izixhobo zokuhlola izixhobo zijonga iziphene kubume, amatywina, amatywina kunye nokunganyangwa kwangaphakathi. Iibhotile ezivunyiweyo zipakishwe kwaye zathunyelwa kwiifilitha.
Ngaphandle kolawulo lwengqolowa, iziphene zisavela ngexesha lemveliso yeglasi.Iziphene zelitye zenzeka xa i-bits zezinto eziguqukayo zaphula iindonga ze-kiln kwaye zixube neglasi. Imbewu ngamaqabu amancinci kwi-batch engalindelekanga. I-Ream yiGrag yeGlasi ngaphakathi kwe-molds. Umhlophe uvela njenge-scaches ye-milky ukuya kwiSigaba sokwahlulahlulahlulo. Intambo kunye nengca ziyimigca etyhafileyo iphawula ukuhamba kweglasi kwi-parison.
Ezinye iifreyimu zibandakanya i-splits, iifolda, ii-Wrinkles, imibhobho, kwaye itshekishe ngenxa yemibandela yokumba, ukwahluka kweqondo lobushushu okanye ukuphatha kakubi. Isiphene esinezantsi njengokugquma kunye nokuncipha kunokuba kuvela ngexesha lokuthetha.
Iibhotile ezingafezekanga zikhutshiwe ukuthintela imiba esemgangathweni phantsi komgca. Abo baqhubela phambili baqhubeka nokuhonjiswa nge-Screesting, ukulebhelisha iilebheli okanye ukutshiza okukhoyo ngaphambi kokuba bazaliswe.
Kwizinto ezinqabileyo zokugqiba, ukudala ibhotile kubandakanya ubunjineli obuphaphezulu, izixhobo ezizodwa, kunye nolawulo olubanzi lomgangatho. Umdaniso onzima wobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nentshukumo ivelisa izigidi zezigidi zeempahla zeglasi engenaglasi yonke imihla. Kuyamangalisa indlela ubuhle obubuthathaka buvela kumlilo nesanti.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UPE-13 ukuya kwi-2023