Ukuveliswa kwebhotile yeglasi kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi -ukusuka ekuyileni ukubumba ukuya ekuyilweni kweglasi etyhidiweyo ibe yimo elungileyo.Amagcisa anobuchule asebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo kunye nobuchule bobuchule bokuguqula imathiriyeli ekrwada ibe ziinqanawa zeglasi ezicocekileyo.
Iqala ngezithako.Izinto eziphambili zeglasi yisilicon dioxide (isanti), i-sodium carbonate (i-soda ash), kunye ne-calcium oxide (i-limestone).Iiminerali ezongezelelweyo zixutywa ukuze kuphuculwe iipropathi ezinje ngokucaca, amandla kunye nombala.Izinto eziluhlaza zilinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zidityaniswe kwibhetshi ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe kwiziko.
Ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo, amaqondo obushushu afikelela kuma-2500°F ukunyibilikisa umxube kulwelo oluvuthayo.Ukungcola kususwa kwaye iglasi ithatha ukuhambelana okufanayo.Iglasi etyhidiweyo ihamba ecaleni kwemijelo yeceramic ekhanyelayo ukuya kwindawo yangaphambili apho ibekwe kwimeko phambi kokungena koomatshini bokubumba.
Iindlela zokuvelisa iibhotile ziquka ukuvuthela kunye nokuvuthela, ukucinezela kunye nokuvuthela, kunye nokucofa kwentamo emxinwa.Ekuvutheleni-novuthela, igob yeglasi iwiswa kwisingundo esingenanto kwaye ivuthelwe ngumoya ocinezelweyo ngombhobho ovuthuzayo.
I-parison imile ngokuchasene neendonga zokungunda ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe kubumba lokugqibela ukuze ivuthelwe ngakumbi ide ivumelane ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukucofa kunye nokuvuthela, i-parison yenziwa ngokucinezela i-gob yeglasi kwi-mold engenanto kunye ne-plunger kunokuvuthela umoya.I-semi-formed parison emva koko idlula kwimold yokuvuthela yokugqibela.Intamo emxinwa yokucinezela-kunye-ne-blow isebenzisa kuphela uxinzelelo lomoya ukwenza ukugqitywa kwentamo.Umzimba ulungiswe ngokucinezela.
Emva kokuba zikhutshwe kwi-molds, iibhotile zeglasi zingena kwi-thermal processing ukususa uxinzelelo kunye nokukhusela ukuphuka.Ukuhlambulula ii-oveni ngokuthe ngcembekuhlebachithe iiyure okanye iintsuku.Isixhobo sokuhlola sijonga iziphene kwimilo, iintanda, izitywina kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.Iibhotile ezivunyiweyo zipakishwa kwaye zithunyelwa kwiifayili.
Ngaphandle kolawulo olungqongqo, iziphene zisekhona ngexesha lemveliso yeglasi.Iziphene zamatye zenzeka xa amasuntswana ezinto ezixhathisayo eqhekeza iindonga zeonti aze axutywe neglasi.Imbewu ngamaqamza amancinane ebhetshi enganyibilikiyo.I-Ream yiglasi eyakhiwe ngaphakathi kokungunda.I-Whiting ibonakala njengamabala obisi ukusuka kukwahlukana kwesigaba.Intambo kunye neendiza yimigca engacacanga ephawula ukuphuma kweglasi kwiparini.
Ezinye iziphene ziquka ukuqhekeka, ukugoba, imibimbi, ukugruzuka, kunye nokutshekishwa okuvela kwimiba yokungunda, ukuhluka kobushushu okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga.Iziphene ezisezantsi ezifana nokudilika kunye nokuncipha kunokuvela ngexesha lokufunxa.
Iibhotile ezingafezekanga ziyanqunyulwa ukukhusela imiba esemgangathweni phantsi komgca.Abo badlulayo kuhlolo baqhubela phambili ekuhombiseni ngokuprintwa kwesikrini, iilebhile ezincamathelayo okanye ukugquma isitshizi ngaphambi kokuzaliswa.
Ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo, ukwenziwa kwebhotile yeglasi kubandakanya ubunjineli obuphambili, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kunye nolawulo olubanzi lomgangatho.Umdaniso ontsonkothileyo wobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nokushukuma uvelisa izigidi zemikhumbi yeglasi engenasiphako yonke imihla.Iyamangalisa indlela ubuhle obuethe-ethe obunjalo obuvela ngayo emlilweni nasentlabathini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-13-2023